Sad! Female college students suddenly died running! The doctor reminded that there is a ＂black triangle＂ for sudden death, so don’t make it up!

　　Recently, the news of sudden death of female college students in Shanxi University of Finance and Economics caused concern.

　　Figure Self-boiling video

　　On March 27, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics issued a briefing on this matter, mentioning that in the group jogging, the classmate suddenly fell to the ground after jogging for about 200 meters. Unfortunately, after a series of rescues, life was still not saved.

　　Sports sudden death is mostly cardiogenic!

　　In recent years, some of the news about young people’s sudden death occurred at work, and some occurred during marathon, fitness, running and other sports.

　　"The main cause of sudden death from exercise is sudden cardiac death (81%), most of which is caused by potential heart diseases. Brain-derived sudden death accounted for the second cause of sudden sports death (17%), mainly including cerebrovascular malformation, aneurysm or hypertension. " Chen Luyuan, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, pointed out in an interview with the Health Times reporter in 2019. ①

　　Zhang Daimin, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Yifu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, said in an interview with Zi Niu News in 2022 that sudden death during exercise is mostly caused by the rupture of some plaques of blood vessels, resulting in myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction. Especially when you are in a state of fatigue for a long time, the probability of this situation will be higher. There are three main reasons:

　　First of all, after a long period of fatigue, the body’s immune system function declines, and the whole body will be in a more fragile state;

　　Secondly, after a long period of fatigue, combined with the increase of blood pressure, blood lipid or blood sugar, these factors will induce the rupture of vascular plaque;

　　Third, under the stress state such as exercise, the factors of vasoconstriction increase, which also increases the probability of vascular plaque rupture. Many unfavorable factors are concentrated in fitness under long-term fatigue, which is very prone to some cardiovascular diseases. ②

　　There is a "black triangle" for sudden death, so don’t put it together!

　　Guo Jihong, chief physician of Cardiovascular Department of Peking University People’s Hospital, said in the Health Times article in 2013 that sudden death has a "black triangle", and sudden death can occur when one of these three corners appears, and the probability of sudden death is higher in two places and more dangerous in three places.

　　1) The lower corner has had cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure;

　　2) In the other corner below, there was an abnormality in ECG;

　　3) The apex is internal environment instability, autonomic nerve instability, sympathetic nerve excitement, electrolyte disorder, etc.

　　The bottom two can still be checked out, but the top one is "unstable internal environment" and emotional instability. Excitement, anger and fatigue are often inducing factors, so you should pay more attention to it at ordinary times. ③

　　We should know that long-term stress, hostility, smoking, lack of sleep, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity and so on will increase the excitement of sympathetic nerves. ④

　　People who are in good health and have no physical examination problems may have sudden cardiac death when they are in a state of high fatigue and high tension. In an interview with Health Times in 2019, Xu Zhimin, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, reminded the majority of young people that they should learn to pay attention to their physical condition, adjust their emotions in time, and avoid excessive tension and fatigue, especially not to engage in tiring behavior or work at night. ①

　　Stay away from sudden death and do these 5 points at ordinary times!

　　1. To know your heart health, physical examination is very important.

　　You can set up a heart health file for yourself. Middle-aged people, in particular, should have an "annual inspection" of cardiovascular system. In addition to electrocardiogram, dynamic electrocardiogram examination, color Doppler echocardiography and exercise electrocardiogram can help to find myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, abnormal heart structure, evaluate heart function and help to find coronary heart disease early. Of course, it’s up to the doctor to decide what specific tests need to be done. ⑤

　　2. Identifying sudden death signals is not untraceable.

　　Chen Luyuan, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, pointed out in an interview with the Health Times reporter in 2019 that most of them had clinical symptoms a few days before sudden death. For example: transient chest tightness, chest pain, fatigue and palpitation. This kind of palpitation is a sudden sinking of the body, or a feeling of flickering. The time is about three or five minutes, which quickly passes and naturally returns to normal. Especially unexplained syncope, such as dyspnea, irritability, sweating, abnormal snoring, etc. In this week or so, it is possible that the above situation will happen. ①

　　Don’t stay up late, make sure you get enough sleep.

　　In healthy young people, if they lack sleep for a long time and suddenly engage in high-intensity exercise, they may increase the risk of acute cardiac stress and heart disease.

　　Ruan Xiaoyun, the pharmacist in charge of the Pharmacy Department of central hospital of wuhan, said in the Health Times article in 2016 that staying up late often will make people’s sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves in a state of dysfunction, which will increase the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially for some people who have no symptoms at ordinary times but have high work pressure and unhealthy lifestyle, which leads to low resistance. Under the stimulation of high temperature, it is more likely to cause arrhythmia and promote lack of blood circulation. Once the blood supply to the brain is insufficient, it will lead to hypoxia, so it will suddenly syncope, which is triggered. 　⑥

　　Don’t be too tired, learn to relax yourself when you are stressed.

　　First, don’t make yourself too tired in work and study. Be sure to leave time for relaxation and don’t sit for a long time. According to the report on the health effects of overwork published in Environment International in 2021, compared with the standard working hours of 35-40 hours per week, people who work 55 hours or more per week have a higher risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. Undoubtedly increased the risk of sudden death. ⑦

　　二是，放松休息不一定就是睡眠，比如看书、唱歌、散步、练习毛笔字，让自己觉得开心、身心放松的小事都可以多做一做。偶尔近期较忙导致睡眠时间过少，也不等于大脑就没休息，学会自我放松，让自己的身心得到充分的休息，比睡着没睡着更为重要。⑧

　　5.　运动要规律且适量，别透支身体

　　长期习惯性、规律性的运动，是可以降低运动相关心脏骤停风险的。但是，也要注意2点：

　　1）不管是普通人还是运动员的训练，都要讲求一个“度”字，不要轻易超越上限。尤其是未经系统训练和平时体质较差的人群，过大运动量加重心脏负担。一般强度以微微出汗，第二天不累为宜。

　　2）如果是过度疲劳状态的话，继续运动也会继续透支身体，诱发一些心血管疾病的发生。所以疲劳状态就不要大量运动了。

　　本文综合自：

　　①　2019-12-03　健康时报《运动性猝死大都是心源性》

　　② 2022-03-01 Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News "Increased Probability of Sudden Death in Fitness under Fatigue"

　　③ There is a "black triangle" in sudden death in Health Times from July to January, 2013.

　　4 2020-05-15 Health Times "Why did you die suddenly? 》

　　⑤ 2011-07-21 Health Times "Remember 1234 for sudden death prevention in middle age"

　　⑥ 2016-07-22 Health Times "Sudden death really caught off guard? 》

　　⑦　Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heartdisease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates ofthe Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.

　　8 2017-11-10 Health Times "Relaxation is more important than falling asleep"

Source: Health Times